Yes, you can block inbound calls based on Caller ID.
Assign a Call Routing Table to route calls based on Outside Party Number instead of Trunk Number. Build a table that includes the numbers you want to block, and then send them to a CRA that drops the call.
Point the + and E destinations to your normal Call Routing Table, then point your trunk group to the new Call Routing Table.
Incoming calls matching the blocked digits will be dropped, all other calls will route as normal.