Have you set the 'System NAT IP Address' in IP Settings? You may also have to set it in System > Devices and Feature Codes > IP Connections > P6000 Processor Module > NAT IP Address as well.
Other than that, at this point I would break out the packet capturing tools and you'll be able to see whether a) the invite is hitting the phone system b) what the phone system's response is.
If packet captures aren't your bag, in online monitor mode, System > Devs & Feats > SIP Peers > General Configuration, you can set SIP Message Output Format and SIP Log Level to Full + Debug and get all the SIP info there.